Privatization of Public Space Free Essays

Privatization and Advertising in Public Space The battle to assume control over the world has started. This battle is between enormous corporate organizations and their race to assume control over the most open space and mortar it with their promotions or basically control it. In this paper I will look at an assortment of sentiments on how they have attacked open space and if this intrusion is profiting the general population or not. We will compose a custom article test on Privatization of Public Space or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Now and again when large organizations come take over in an open area it very well may be certain. Shea Stadium, in spite of the fact that it was not actually open, was extraordinarily improved when Citigroup got it and remade the recreation center. It improved the review involvement with the Mets games and Citigroup gets exposure since individuals partner the recreation center with them. Numerous individuals state that this kind of privatization by a major organization can have various constructive outcomes for individuals who utilize the space. Boston’s South Station has additionally been privatized as of late. â€Å"The MBTA went into a ground rent with Beacon South Station Associates, a completely possessed substance of Beacon Properties Corporation, on January 28, 1988†. The MBTA despite everything utilizes the station for the trains and transports however the organization that leases it can set its own principles for inside the space and has the privilege to sell publicizing space inside the station. In spite of the fact that suburbanites can even now utilize the space for movement purposes the space is not, at this point open. During Occupy Boston the nonconformists calmly amassed in South Station when the climate got colder yet were approached to leave by police in light of the fact that there were not permitted to assemble there per rules of the organization renting the space. Agreeing so Una Spencer, a dissident and dissenter during the possess development, â€Å"everywhere we are experiencing â€Å"public† spaces which we are told are leveled out of private companies†. She additionally makes reference to that’s our assessments are being utilized to police these zones that are possessed by privately owned businesses. Spenser is â€Å"seeing is a chipping endlessly of our social equality from numerous directions† and our expense dollars are paying the police who shield us from rehearsing these rights. David Morris, fellow benefactor and VP of Institute for Local Self-Reliance, presents that organizations ought to â€Å"compete on an equivalent balance, and where those with the most cash don't really talk in the most intense voice. † Sometimes organizations with the most cash can get their name out more that a littler organization through promoting. By having advertisements put around a city, a customer is bound to pick that company’s item than a littler organization. He accepts that by observing promotions for explicit organizations smothers our capacity to pick unreservedly between various things. Morris has faith in having open spaces where individuals inside a network can gather that is liberated from corporate greed where individuals can share thoughts. In Sao Paulo, Brazil individuals are in concurrence with thoughts like Morris’s and laws are being established to expel publicizing. Larry Rohter, American writer, canvassed the choice in Sao Paulo, Brazil to expel all publicizing from the city. Sao Paulo is South America’s biggest and most prosperous city and there has been a lot of contention over the law. Rohter cites Brazilian feature writer Roberto Pompeu de Toledo saying the law â€Å"is an uncommon triumph of the open enthusiasm over private, of request over confusion, style over offensiveness, of neatness over refuse. † One debate over this law is that individuals who work for organizations making publicizing may lose positions. Large organizations who’s commercials will be brought down are guaranteeing â€Å"consumers will be less educated in their buying choices and even that lanes will be less sheltered around evening time with the loss of light from signs. Not exclusively would the law boycott announcements, however it would likewise boycott promotions on transports, dirigibles, and fields, and limit the size of signs that stores would be permitted to have. Rohter announced one ladies in Sao Paulo saying â€Å"the truth is that there are such a large number of pennants, bulletins, notices, signs, and banners everywhere that they’ve lost their effect. â €  The civic chairman or Sao Paulo discusses bringing promoting back later on, yet with numerous limitations and confinements. The city will become â€Å"an open air city with no outside publicizing. The Internet is somewhere else that has become a shared conviction for promoting. Facebook used to be a free online network made by a gathering of school kids. At first Facebook should be liberated from ads and that set it apart from other long range informal communication locales. Presently, in addition to the fact that Facebook has promotions, the commercials are customized to every client dependent on that person’s preferences and exercises posted on their profile. On my Facebook is see promotions for snowboard sites since I have the posted as one of my exercises. Facebook says it needs to have advertisements since it keeps Facebook free for clients. They state it’s additionally advantageous for sponsors in light of the fact that the correct gathering of individuals will see their advertisements. The Internet is simply one more spot where organizations are battling to communicate to more clients. Alongside the Internet, organizations additionally have impact in cafés, a spot where we might not have even presumed it. Have you at any point been to a café and when you requested a coke and the server asks, â€Å"is Pepsi alright? This is on the grounds that eateries have manages soft drink organizations and they â€Å"receive extra advantages when they choose to be restrictive. † By having cafés that are selective the soft drink organization hypothetically has prevailed upon that eatery and all the clients in that café. It’s like a war to see which soft drink organizations can have the most cafés only sell their pop. Aft er cautious thought of every one of these sentiments I can't state I have reached a last resolution on promoting openly space. I can perceive how now and again promoting and privatization have gone over the edge. Losing our capacity to gather in South Station appears to be somewhat preposterous to me in light of the fact that our assessment dollars are paying to implement laws that are keeping us out of a once open space. Be that as it may, what might a spot like Time Square in New York City be without its enormous sparkling announcements and signs? Also, in Sao Paulo they are prohibiting zeppelins as a piece of the counter announcement law, and I consider Boston’s Hood dirigible that I can see on the horizon from my apartment window. Is it extremely such an impediment to open space? I don’t think so. What's more, it additionally doesn’t influence what milk I decide to drink since I despite everything am not a major devotee of hood milk. As I would see it the best arrangement would be to haves stricter laws about publicizing and privatization. I think Time Square would lose all its enchantment if the promotions were to be removed the structures however in places like schools publicizing should be old. With respect to privatization, I think in the event that an open space will be privatized, at that point open dollars ought not be utilized in that space in any capacity. In South Station the Transit Police ought not be implementing rules set up by a private association when it is charge dollars paying the travel police, not the organization. I think it’s a quite barely recognizable difference and it is the duty of government authorities to get the harmony between open space, promoting, and privatization right. Catalog â€Å"Advertising on Facebook. † Facebook. 2 Oct 2012. https://www. facebook. com/about/advertisements/Morris, David. â€Å"Curbing the Commercialization of Public Space. † Institute for Local Self-Reliance. 15 Jan 2009. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. ilsr. organization/checking commercialization-open space/Rohter, Larry. â€Å"Streets are Paved with Neon’s Glare, and City Calls a Halt. † New York Times. 2 Dec 2006. 2 Oct 2012. ://www. nytimes. com/2006/12/12/world/Americas/12paulo. html? pagewanted=print_r=0 Spenser, Una. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of Public Spaces. † Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/ - Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-open spaces â€Å"Why Aren’t Coke and Pepsi Sold Together at Resta urants? † Xatal. 12 Mar 2009. 2 Oct 2012. http://xatal. com/incidental/why-arent-coke-and-pepsi-sold-together-at-eateries/â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. Una Spenser. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of Public Spaces. † Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/ - Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-open spaces [ 2 ]. Una Spenser. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of Public Spaces. † Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/ - Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-open spaces [ 3 ]. On the same page [ 4 ]. David Morris. â€Å"Curbing the Commercialization of Public Space. † Institute for Local Self-Reliance. 15 Jan 2009. 2 Oct 2012. Step by step instructions to refer to Privatization of Public Space, Essay models

Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remote Technology - Essay Example Remote advances are getting ordinary. A huge number of people and organizations apply to the advantages of remote innovation, to raise the proficiency and efficiency of their choices. That remote innovation benefits organizations and improves their efficiency is irrefutable. Lamentably, not all entrepreneurs are eager to acknowledge and send powerful remote frameworks in their associations. Remote innovations accelerate information transmission and are increasingly secure contrasted and equipment wired components. The huge number of remote innovation measures makes it conceivable to locate the best answer for every single specialist. The utilization of remote advances is especially valuable for the mind boggling associations, which contain various offices and are being scattered over a huge region: for this situation, remote advances are the main conceivable approach to improving interconnectedness and sharedness of information and information between all degrees of the organizationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s execution. The present condition of innovation gives a broad rundown of remote advances and principles, which encourage the decision of the best remote arrangement. The utilization of Wi-Fi, HomeRF and Bluetooth favor the usage of remote advances in business and help organizations to meet their information transmission needs. â€Å"Wi-Fi is the most broadly utilized remote innovation at present. It is an IEEE 802.11b remote norm and can transmit information up to 11 Mbps† (Wells, 2009, p.81). The utilization of improved Wi-Fi renditions is conceivable, as well: for instance, WiFi/g and WiFi5 embody a generally new standard of network and can transmit information at very nearly 54 Mbps (Wells, 2009). Evidently, there is no compelling reason to hold up until remote advances â€Å"settle down†. They have just become a fundamental element of every day business schedule. Without a doubt, remote systems can improve profitability and productivity inside associations. This is, really, one of the

The Decisive Battle

The Decisive Battle Today, of all days, in Jonestown, PA, eight members of my family bore witness to the ultimate showdown between Turkey and Spam. Despite a two-hour food coma immediately after dinner, I think its pretty safe to say that I emerged victorious. I wanted to turn the turkey carcass into usable fuel, of course, but Aunt Jen got to it first and made some stock instead. Not quite as environmentally-friendly, but probably a little more appetizing. Unless, of course, you believe the twelfth or so verse of We Are The Engineers: An artist and an Engineer had found a gallon can. Said the artist, Match me drink for drink and see if youre a man. They took three drinks, the artist fell, his face was turning green; But the Engineer drank on and said, Its only gasoline. Thrilling phototravelography and whatnot forthcoming. Now, back to Henrys Law. Happy Thanksgiving everybody! I hope you enjoyed your turkey, or if you did not have a turkey I hope you enjoyed acorn squash or something because tofurkey just creeps me out.

Name at Least Two Things That Southwest Is Doing Efficiently

* 1. Just Plane Smart Harvard Business School – Case Study Summary Abhishek Mehra Balaji P Saruabh Ranadive Sarang Bhutada * 2. The setting It’s summer of 1993 Southwest is expecting delivery of two uncommitted planes McGlade needs to find a way, to put these planes in operation, keeping the organizational objectives are intact Final decision would have to preserve the Southwest culture and spirit About Southwest Started as a intra-state operator in Texas Budget airline philosophy, survived a severe price-war Operating out of Dallas’s Love Field airport, hence the ticker LUV 7 th largest in the country by April 1993 Expanded to become a national carrier, serving major cities Short-haul, high-frequency, low-cost strategy 12 time winner†¦show more content†¦Were competing with ground transportationamp;quot; * 10. Promotion Strategies: Marketing Mix Southwest Airlines wants to differentiate itself from other airlines as the airline that can get passengers to their destinations when they want to get there, on time, at the lowest possible fares – while having fun. Frequent Flyer Awards Rapid Rewards-based on number of trips taken Way of showing Southwest’s philosophy that every customer is equally important as the other and making ALL passengers feel special. Advertising â€Å" Don’t believe the hype.† Fares offered by other discounters and airlines on the Web are not good buys. Southwest attempts to do three things in their advertising: intrigue Entertain persuade â€Å" We’d like to match their new fares but we’d have to raise ours!!amp;quot; * 11. Television Sports Advertising Sports television programming Reaching the corporate set via sports and other venues In 2000, Southwest renewed its multi-year sponsorship agreement with the National Football League (NFL). Public Relations Aims for â€Å"Free publicity† Triple Crown Award for the fifth time in a row Named a plane Triple Cro wn One and painted 24,000 employee names on it Internal Marketing Core Business - Customer Service business—they just happen to provide airline transportation Southwest’s philosophy - â€Å"ServiceShow MoreRelatedSouthwest Airline780 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion: 01 Name at least two things that Southwest is doing efficiently. Name at least two things that Southwest is doing effectively. In what ways do efficiency and effectiveness support each other at Southwest? In what ways do they contradict each other? Ans. Southwest Airlines is one of the important Airline of USA. Southwest Airlines may only rank 317 on the Fortune 500 List but the company ranks highly on most publications’ Most Admired Companies lists. 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Relationship Between Nutrition And Hiv Essay - 1251 Words

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND HIV EDNA GICHERO BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH-PUBH - 6128 – 3 18TH OCTOBER, 2015 Relationship between HIV and Nutrition. Pathophysiology of malnutrition. Nutrition and HIV have a strong correlation. Any immune deficiency as a result of HIV leads to malnutrition which deteriorates the effect of HIV and contributes to a more hasty progression of AIDS.A person who is malnourished and then acquires this disease is more likely to see a faster progression of this disease because his/her body cannot fight any infection because of its weak state. Having good nutrition leads to a person being more productive and stronger because their body is stronger to resist infections. Nutrients are divided into macronutrients which are proteins, carbohydrates and fats and micronutrients which are vitamins and minerals. An insufficiency in macronutrients shows itself in weight loss and wasting which is the norm in AIDS patients, while a deficiency in micronutrients leads to a weak immune system which cannot fight off infections. A person who has HIV is at risk of malnutrition because they have reduced their food intake; there is poor absorption of food bec ause of the effects of this disease, changes in metabolism and chronic infections and illnesses. Lack or inadequate supply of these nutrients to the body lead to anorexia, thrush, fever, nausea, anemia and diarrhea. According to the WHO â€Å"an HIV infected adult requiresShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Protein Energy Malnutrition776 Words   |  4 Pagesmalnutrition (37). Nutritional immunology and HIV/AIDS A link has also been established between abnormalities in immune function and early stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (38). 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Iproject Free Essays

MBA 504 – Managerial Economics (W. Troost) * Case study about the iPad Mini by Justin Sellers Kimberly Gadsden Krista Pauly Marjorie Venus Baliog Paulus Mirtschink Rob Hicks I have read the Student Academic Code of Conduct and this Assignment complies with the Code. 8th November 2012 * Table of Contents Table of Contents2 List of Figures3 1INTRODUCTION4 2FIRM, BRAND, LIFESTYLE4 3IINDUSTRY5 4COST8 5CONCLUSION9 APPENDICES11 A. We will write a custom essay sample on Iproject or any similar topic only for you Order Now Price Comparison of Generic Android Tablets12 B. Price Comparison of Premium Brand Tablets2 BIBLIOGRAPHY3 * List of Figures Figure 1: Monopolistical pricing10 Figure 2: Technology life cycle11 Figure 3: VMP and MC in the US compared with China12 * INTRODUCTION Apple has clearly established itself as a market leader in the competitive market of consumer electronic products. Recently, the company released a smaller sized version of its highly successful tablet: the iPad. The launch has come under widespread criticism as many industry pundits believe the pricing strategy may be incorrect and there are fears that the new product will cannibalize sales of other merchandise. Even the late Steve Jobs was strong in his view that Apple would never offer a smaller tablet product to the market as he felt it would provide less benefit to consumers. To properly assess whether or not Apple did in fact make the correct decision, the rationale behind the decision must be analyzed. As part of the analysis: the market structure, cost factors, competitive position, nature of product demand, and strategic vision will be scrutinized. FIRM, BRAND, LIFESTYLE Under the direction of one of the most visionary CEOs of the modern era, Steve Jobs, Apple was able to completely revolutionize the way that consumer electronics are perceived, purchased, and manufactured. It started with a completely different concept of consumer preferences and has ultimately ended with the most valuable company in the world. Apple has a long history within the computer industry with a focus on building units for sale to the consumer marketplace. After success during the early 1980s with the launch of the Macintosh line of computers, the company failed to gain significant market share until the launch of the iMac in 1998. From the late 1990s Apple began a prolific campaign of acquiring other companies with specific technological expertise, which it began combining in both software and hardware components included in its subsequent line of products. Apple released the first of many important revolutionary products, the iPod, in 2001. The iPod became the ‘quantum leap’ the company had long been striving for and allowed the branding of Apple as a company with the Apple logo to become an industry heavyweight. The advertising that Apple used helped to produce an emotional response that resonated with consumers. Being seen with the iconic â€Å"white headphones† became as much about fashion and image as it was about the actual enjoyment of listening to mp3s on a personal device. Due to the vertical integration between devices, software and design based on a platform of â€Å"ease of use,† the company began to create immense brand loyalty. â€Å"Once you go Mac, you never go back,† is a phrase used to describe that once someone made the decision to purchase an Apple product (phone, computer, etc. ) the cost of switching becomes high. Apple intuitively created an opportunity cost for not purchasing newer Apple products because of the way their devices communicate with one another. Apple has gained such a significant brand following that demand for their products is much more inelastic than comparable firms. Demand for competitor’s products Demand for Apple products INDUSTRY There are significant numbers of manufacturers of tablet devices, but it can be argued that there are only several key players. The tablet marketplace is very interesting because of the dominant effect that Apple, Samsung, Google, and Amazon have on consumer behaviour. There is a significant split, both from a consumer and producer standpoint, between the ‘premium’ tablet devices and the ‘generic’ devices. In effect, there are two different marketplaces in operation simultaneously. In the generic market it is a competitive market, firms are essentially price takers as what they are offering is a standard tablet with limited features. In the premium market however, there is an oligopolistic situation where the major firms dominate both, market share and brand recognition. Please see Appendix A and B for Price comparisons of generic and premium brand tablets. The pricing strategy for the premium products is therefore very different than for generics. In the premium market, the products are seen as more inelastic based on their brand power, and thus a higher price can be charged in order to generate a higher economic profit. Apple uses the concept of â€Å"Prestige Pricing† for its product line. Prestige pricing happens when a firm charges a higher price for its products in an attempt to be seen as a ‘status’ item. Apple separates itself even from the other premium tablets by charging a price that is actually 2-5 times higher than some of its closest ivals. The reason that Apple has decided to launch at such a high price dates back to their theory of brand image and loyalty. With respect to the technology adoption lifecycle developed by Joe Bohlen et al. , Apple seeks to â€Å"reward† loyal customers by charging a high price so that only technologically conscious innovators and early adopters will have the produc t for a period. It is valuable to the innovators and early adopters to have the newest Apple product ahead of the vast majority of people and price point is a way to discriminate between groups. Once a product has been on the market for a sufficient amount of time, Apple will then drop the price to gain a larger amount of consumers that are willing to pay for the product at the given price. Graph Rob Directly related to the high price point that Apple charge is its monopolistic position within the industry. It is strategically beneficial from a firm standpoint to charge a price that causes the intersection of the marginal cost and marginal revenues when represented graphically. Figure 1: Monopolistical pricing For Apple, they experience higher economic profits when they charge a higher price initially. Only when they are about to release an updated version of the product will they drop the price to gain the additional consumer demand. When considering the product lifecycle, Apple seeks to have a different product in each section of the cycle. Rather than having different versions of the same model, the company simply relies on releasing a newer product, but still offering the old product for a period. When considering their new tablet the strategy will be as follows: 1) New tablet is released: iPad mini 2) After a designated amount of time, (typically 3-5 quarters) a new version will be released. Likely, it will be called the iPad mini S. 3) Following the same release schedule a bigger redesign will occur and the product will come out as the iPad mini 2. Figure 2: Technology life cycle Apple prices the tablet in #1 high in order to experience profits from the innovators and early adopters. By the time the newer version is announced, the company will drop the price in order to gain access to the early majority. When the new product is actually released #2 it will have a premium price point to again gain access to the innovators and early adopters. Product #1 is moving from early majority to late majority as the price drop has opened up a wealth of consumers willing to buy. When product #3 is announced the price of both product #1 and product #2 will be dropped. By this time product #1 will be 2 editions old and is likely to be purchased by the tail end of late majority and laggards. Product #2 will take its place in the early majority and innovators will desire product #3. When considering Apple’s brand loyalty it is also likely that by the time product #3 comes out some people that purchased product #1 will deem that it is time to upgrade. COST Another major consideration in the pricing of Apple’s products is the associated cost of producing them. Each item has a large array of inputs ranging from: hardware, software, development, advertising, testing, management, transport, and legal issues. Apple has sought out areas of the world where it is cheaper to assemble their units because the relationship between manufacturing and transportation costs results in higher profit. Figure 3: VMP and MC in the US compared with China Apple has formed a coalition of manufacturers that it uses to outsource many of the components that it uses within its products. In some cases the firms that manufacture parts for Apple are actually direct competitors within the same market. If you look at the decision to manufacture internally or outsource to another company it is very similar to the trade theories of competitive and comparative advantage. When considering the iPad mini, Apple had to decide whether to make the computing hardware themselves or have someone else make it for them. Apple deemed that they have a competitive advantage in software development and that Samsung and Intel have comparative advantages in production of hardware, thus they made the decision to have the parts made for them. Each iPad that Apple sells generates a large amount of profit for the firm because their total cost is significantly less than the price point at which it is sold. Generally, Apple sells their products for at least 3 times as much as their total cost, resulting in a huge amount of revenue. You guessed it†¦ a graph What the fuck Justin?!? CONCLUSION * APPENDICES Price Comparison of Generic Android Tablets Price Comparison of Premium Brand Tablets * BIBLIOGRAPHY * How to cite Iproject, Papers

Cyber Crime for People and Organization

Question: Write a problem solution essay on "cyber crime for people and organization"using the structure, elements and essay plan. Answer: Introduction Cyber crime is regarded as the crimes that comprises network or computer to exploit others network. It is growing at a fast pace that is affecting the system of many big organizations and individuals. The criminal organizations are doing activities with criminally minded technology experts to commend the cyber crime. Therefore, important or confidential data are being lost that are hampering the society and the organizations to do work in effective way. Thus, the current assignment will be discussing the three major problem associated with the cyber crime and solution to it will be provided further. Problem 1: Hacking According to Alliance (2015), this type of crime is conducted by criminals in order to trespass into the personal and sensitive data of the person so that it can be used for their benefit or spreading the information publicly. The hackers can be doing such illegal activity for the sake of protest, income or satisfying their personal need. Therefore, hacking can lead to loss of information and on the other hand, website security of the business or person can be breached. For instance, a hacker has stolen the identities of players, weapons, virtual money and skills from an online computer game RuneScape (K. Sindhu, 2012). Therefore, it can be understood that hackers can enter to anyone system and steal the information for their specific purpose. Apart from that, hackers can release malicious worms into the system of users that can damage the total system and user may not be able to do anything. For example, the hacker can hack the bank account details, credit cards, personal emails, fi nancial information, etc (Kumar and Mittal, 2012). Solution Shukla et al. (2012) proposed that users of pc system can remain same from hacking or hackers by installing effective antivirus software such as Quick Heal, Avast Grime Fighter, etc. On the other hand, the user can set tough password so that it can be difficult for the hacker to crack it. Apart from that, the user should not click on any links that are unexpected or offering any monetary benefit. Further, Silver (2013) discussed that the user should block the invitation that is sent by unknown person on social media such as Facebook, Linkedln, etc. This would help in safeguarding the system and personal information. The Data Security Standard can be useful for the industry to protect the credit cards details and financial information of the customers. The dotDefender can be effective in addressing the issues faced in the website in cost effective way (Crossdomainsolutions.com, 2015). Problem 2: Theft As per Orlov (2012), this type of crime can take place when a person breaches the copyrights of someone else. For example, the criminals can access the computer system and steal the software, movies, music and games via internet. On the other hand, it has been seen that many people uses internet for the purpose of transacting cash and for banking services. Therefore, cyber criminals can attack the bank account of the person and do trading with the name of victim. Moreover, credit history of the victim can be erased that can lead to financial losses (Shukla et al., 2012). Moreover, the intellectual property theft can lead to excessive cost and can damage the reputation of the organization or its product. The thief or cyber criminals can copy the concepts of other for the benefits of its own or for their business in order to gain higher profit margin. Further, the creative expressions, ideas and inventions are being robbed so that it can be implemented in their business strategies for better development. Thus, the organized criminals can gain high profit by conducting the crime (Ncpc.org, 2015). Solution In order to prevent the challenges of intellectual property theft, the business person can employ digital signatures or digital identities so that any criminal or theft cannot access or break the security wall. This would help in protecting the information or ideas or concepts in safest way. On the other hand, certified information security experts can be recruited so that confidential information can be protected from the potential threat (Silver, 2013). Moreover, the information security technologies can be used such as encryption, intrusion detection, strong authentication devices, firewalls, etc. Apart from that, the organization can educate and train their workforce in order to handle and monitor the intellectual property robbery. Problem 3: Child soliciting and abuse It is also considered as one of the cyber crime where the cyber criminal focuses on the children by inviting them to chat rooms for the child pornography purpose. This affect the mind of the child and child can become more inclined towards the pornography and can damage the future growth of child that can ultimately affect the growth of future society (Martin and Rice, 2012). Moreover, the child may not be able to focus on the study and their career. Apart from that, the cyber criminals can use the network or internet for harassing the child or for cyber bullying. It can damage the morale of child or it can make child more aggressive and can lead to negative behavior in the child. Further, it creates anxiety, depression, and negative social views among the children that can disturb the psychology of the child (Wykes, 2007). On the other hand, the sex offender can be after the child and can take the picture of child from social site and place in some pornography sites that can be dang erous for the child future development. Moreover, the criminals can seek information about where the child lives and it may not be safe for them (Orlov, 2012). Solution The cyber departments in different nations can invest their time in monitoring numbers of chat rooms that are most used by children as it can help in protecting the child from any abuse or soliciting. On the other hand, the carers, parents or teachers have to remain aware that the child is not into sexual violence (K. Sindhu, 2012). Moreover, the parents or teachers should block the offending websites so that children may not access those sites and not fall into sexual abuse or harassment via online. Apart from that, the pictures of children should not be posted or sent to unknown person either via Facebook, Twitter or Myspace, etc so that any criminal may not use the pictures falsely. This would protect the child from child abuse or online bullying. The other solution that can be adopted by victims is that they can file a case against the criminal that is continuously conducting the activities even after given warning (Kumar and Mittal, 2012). Therefore, it can put a stop to child a buse and criminals can be sentenced to prisoner. On the other hand, an international coalition of groups and people can be formed to action against the misuse of internet. The cyber crime department has to enforce law to track the illegal activities carried by the cyber criminals on greater extent. Moreover, the public awareness has to be enforced so that people can become aware about the illegal use of internet (Crossdomainsolutions.com, 2015). Conclusion The cyber crime is a potential threat for the society. The cyber crime is increasing at rapid pace which is affecting the privacy of the individual and breach into the system security. The three problems that has been mentioned hacking, theft and child soliciting and abuse is hampering the mental health of the people and affecting the activities. The hackers can hack the important information of the individual therefore; the hackers need to be tracked and same goes with other cyber issues. The awareness about the cyber crime has to be promoted so that people can become more alert towards the use of internet or system. Therefore, in that case some solution has been mentioned to limit the affect of cyber crime. References Alliance, B. (2015). B4USurf - Types of Cybercrime. [online] B4usurf.org. Crossdomainsolutions.com, (2015). Cyber Crime Types Preventive Measures. Sindhu, K. (2012). Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime Datamining. Journal of Information Security, 03(03), pp.196-201. Kumar, P. and Mittal, S. (2012). The Perpetration and Prevention of Cyber Crime. International Journal of Technoethics, 3(1), pp.43-52. Martin, N. and Rice, J. (2012). Children's cyber-safety and protection in Australia: An analysis of community stakeholder views. Crime Prev Community Saf, 14(3), pp.165-181. Ncpc.org, (2015). Intellectual Property Theft: Get Real National Crime Prevention Council. Orlov, V. (2012). CYBER CRIME: A THREAT TO INFORMATION SECURITY. Security Index: A Russian Journal on International Security, 18(1), pp.1-4. Shukla, D., Verma, K., Bhagwat, S. and Gangele, S. (2012). Curve Fitting Analysis of Internet Traffic Sharing Management in Computer Network under Cyber Crime. International Journal of Computer Applications, 47(24), pp.36-43. Silver, J. (2013). 20 ways to keep your internet identity safe from hackers. Wykes, M. (2007). Constructing crime: Culture, stalking, celebrity and cyber. Crime, Media, Culture, 3(2), pp.158-174.

South Africa Investments

The corresponding principles of the utilitarian benefits of Caltex plant creation was reckoned to be a violation of rights of some particular layers of the society of the past century. Racial prejudices became the greatest obstacle not only in interpersonal relations but also in the rapid developments of the building of the plant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on South Africa Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management of Texaco and SoCal companies that jointly owned Caltex Petroleum Company thought that benefits should be expanded and remained in the country for the population. It highlighted improvement of the economic working conditions of blacks working for the company. They also committed to the implementation of the Sullivan principles drafted by an American reverend Deon Sullivan. The Investments in South Africa played an essential part in the development of certain benefits accrued to the m ajor population in South Africa. The Sullivan principles basically stated that there would be no racial segregation within the work premises, equal opportunities for employment for people of all races and equal pay for equal jobs regardless of race. The code also suggested increase majority holders of supervisory positions and welfare facilities for the non-white workers outside the work set up. The management of these companies was not ignorant to the fact that some of the principles would go against the law of segregation in the country. They pledged to use the required channels for any modifications required. All these good intentions for the majority groups were noble and good on paper but it was evident that their implementation would be impeded by the law of segregation in the country. Regardless of these new policies, the majority groups are still faced violation of rights and justice. The white government would still implement its laws barring Africans from becoming apprenti ces. Oppression in regard to job opportunities and payment of wages was not going to end seeing as how blacks and whites cold not hold equal positions. The principles were out to slightly improve conditions for the minority groups at the workplaces only. This would not greatly impact their lives since their basic rights had been denied in all aspects of their lives and from all the points of view.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They had no claim to the land they were born in, they could not vote for their leaders or hold mass action. The management of Texaco and SoCal would therefore not help improve the condition for majority groups in South Africa. Several resolutions were proposed by human rights activists. The first proposal was for Caltex to terminate its activities on South African soil. As a shareholder, I would have voted for this proposed resolution. The white gove rnment had been inflicting a tremendous amount of suffering on the majority groups. The rest of the world just watched seemingly helpless. The liberation of South Africa would have been achieved by collective responsibility of corporate organizations and the world at large. I believe a vote for this resolution would have ideally been a vote for the majority groups in the county. Though, it would probably have been criticized as a drastic measure, it would have certainly been called for given the extreme nature of the situation. It would have been a selfless and humane move that would have transformed South Africa. The second resolution asked Caltex not to sell the military or police of South Africa. I would have voted against. It was naive of the activists to imagine that the white government would have allowed that. The country was not in anarchy, and any corporation operating on South African land had to obey its laws. It would not also have prompted the government to liberate the majority but only achieved hostility given that it targeted government forces. The third proposal was asking the company to implement the Tutu principles. This proposal to me would have been more practical than the first and I would have voted for it. This is because it addressed the lives of the majority as a whole and not only their work related issues. It would ensure that the black people lived with their families, recognition of black labor unions, fair labor practices and investment in education. This would have made positive change in the lives of the majority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on South Africa Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The managers of Texaco and SoCal, I believe, would have responded differently to the proposed resolution. The management should have endorsed the proposal to terminate its activities in South Africa. They should have made the decision to leave the country wit hin a specified period of time. Within this period, they should have planned on where to relocate their business to. By doing so, they would have fulfilled their moral obligation to end oppression. By making the alternative business plan, they would have fulfilled their primary business objective which is to make profits for their stockholders. Management should also have considered the second proposal by issuing an ultimatum to the white government. This might be considered arm- twisting, but it would have enabled them fulfill their obligation to society. This could result in a situation whereby the need for negotiation and dialogue would have been inevitable. They would have gained a forum to address the plight of the majority in the country. This would have brought them a step closer to liberation Tutu’s conditions should have been a primary objective to management more so because it involved different aspects of the lives of the black people. Texaco and SoCal should have led by example and adopted these conditions. This would probably have been an incentive to other corporations in South Africa to do the same. It would have been a milestone in the liberation of the country. They would have gone down in history as having initiated positive change in South Africa. The entire management of the Caltex Company has a wide range of duties that lie in the basis of ensuring the impacts of and for stockholders. It has a responsibility to its consumers and society at large.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has a duty to its consumers to ensure high quality goods and services, provide after-sale services and adequate product information. To the society, management has the responsibility to support development projects and help in environmental conservation efforts. There is also provision of recreational facilities. Management should think twice before making the corresponding decisions as for the development of the company and do not pay much attention to the investments but act according to the most possibly successful criteria. It should therefore also seek to act responsibly to its society. It should abide to the business code of ethics and seek the good of everyone in its environs. Management should not turn a blind eye to issues such as political instability and oppression. By doing so, it will gain the goodwill of people that in turn may contribute to the success of the business enterprise. This essay on South Africa Investments was written and submitted by user Rashad Gomez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Five Shakespeare Lines Youll Want to (Surprisingly) Avoid This Valentines Day

Five Shakespeare Lines Youll Want to (Surprisingly) Avoid This Valentines Day Dusting off your Shakespeare for Valentine’s Day sounds like a great idea. The Bard’s famous words are tried and tested - they’ve been working for four hundred years. But are you sure you know what they mean? And are you sure that’s what you want to say? 1. O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Juliet has just returned to her room after the best dance of her life, she’s standing on a balcony gazing out into the night, and she misses Romeo already. It would make sense if she were wondering where her prince was wandering. Only she’s not.   Wherefore isn’t an old-timey way of saying where. It’s the old-timey way of saying why. Big difference. Juliet wants to know why her Romeo has to be Romeo Montague, sworn enemy of her family, instead of Romeo Smith, handsome guy who showed up at the neighborhood party with no strings attached. In retrospect it might have been better if she’d asked where, though. If she’d known he was hiding under the balcony, she might not have said all those embarrassing private thoughts out loud. 2. If music be the food of love, play on†¦   No, don’t! At least, not yet. This quote from Twelfth Night sounds a little different in context: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it; that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die. The speaker, Duke Orsino, is desperately in love with the uninterested Lady Olivia, and hopes that music will actually kill his attraction to her if he hears enough of it. Not exactly a compliment to the object of your affections. Also, you’ve picked a dummy to quote. At this point in the play Orsino is still making everyone around him feel a bit sick with all his sighing and moping about- and he’s going to realize at the end that he’s in love with someone else! This quote isn’t what you want to prove your undying devotion. 3. Star-crossed lovers Given that Romeo and Juliet are the archetypal â€Å"star-crossed lovers,† it’s easy to understand how some came to interpret the phrase to mean fated, destined, meant to be. As in, â€Å"John and I are so compatible! We’re like star-crossed lovers!†Ã‚   No, you’re not. Or at least, you’d better hope you’re not, because then things aren’t going to work out for you very well. Romeo and Juliet weren’t â€Å"star-crossed† in the sense that they were bound to fall in love. They’re star-crossed because the astrological signs that determine their futures are not lining up. Fate is not a fan. You’re in serious trouble. 4. Sonnet 20 A womans face with Natures own hand painted Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion If you’ve quoted Sonnet 20, you’ve just called the object of your affections both beautiful and loyal. Winning combo. Great stuff. She’ll be charmed. Not quite (if she knows her Shakespeare, at any rate). The problem is that the poem you’ve just read her was most likely written about a man, and if she’s paying attention, there are some things that might tip her off. For one, you’ve called her a â€Å"man in hue.† You’ve also told her that nature started out intending to make her a woman, but changed her mind and added one thing. 5. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Probably not. Even if the object of your affections is willing to overlook the fact that you seem to have gone for the first love poem that popped into your head, you still have to consider the fact that some readers think this poem is more about itself than your beloved. You’re declaring that beauty fades over time (â€Å"And every fair from fair sometime declines†), but that it’s okay. Even if your love ends up old and ugly, this poem will still be gorgeous. And immortal. Hark! Are  there any we missed?

Differeng approaches to Strategic HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Differeng approaches to Strategic HRM - Essay Example This implies that people (employees) form key components of an organisation development intervention. Thematic Analysis As presented in this case study, the Company "cockpit for you" is struggling with multiple problems, which it has to solve in order to achieve its short-term and long-term objectives. The thematic areas that have negative influence on the company should be critically considered by the management in formulating the strategic policies. This is core in organizational development because, if the influences emanating from the thematic areas are not addressed properly, the company risk loosing the targets it sets to achieve. In this regard, the areas include the following. First, restructuring of a company is not easy since the company has to spend a lot of money in consulting for the best option that it should adopt. Moreover, the situation becomes worse if the restructuring is hurriedly done without formulating and following the procedure (Armstrong 2006, p. 27). Consid ering the latest restructuring measures in the company, the modes of operation and employee relations changed, prompting the workers and management to adjust to the new production system. The alterations also led to changes in the company’s niche market, which affected the overall sales of the products in the market due to stiff competition. The little competition that the company experiences also influences the operations in the organization. This is because limited competition reduces the probability of engaging in creativity and innovation in the production and the delivery of services (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe 2006, p. 77). In fact, it is mainly through competitive business practices, which could enable the workers innovate new ways of manufacturing its products. Lack of healthy competition seemed to promote monopoly in the production of goods in the company and could lead to price fluctuation (Blyton & Turnbull 2006, p. 102). The other area that has negative influence on the organization is the fact that it has a bad reputation as an employer compared to the others operating in the region. For instance, it pays its workers poor salaries, making it less attractive to employees and job seekers. This problem of poor pay for the employees reduces their motivation, thereby interfering with the production of quality goods and low returns due to poor sales (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe 2006, p. 79). Currently, many people are attracted to quality products that guarantee them better utilities and value for their money. As pointed out in the case, the company is still very marked, and owner-initiative and creativity of the employees are not valued or even blocked. This aspect is very detrimental to the success of the organization because the practice limits the workers’ participation in decision making (Blyton & Turnbull 2006, p. 108). An employee whose ideas are valued would be motivated to propose for better means of production and service delivery, th us being able to contribute positively in an attempt to fulfil the company goals. In the organization, there was a corporate culture that the employees and the management identified with (Legge 2005, p. 105). Essentially, it is the organizational culture that defines the relationship among the workers, management and stakeholders and the attitude towards work (Cole 2006, p. 32). Since the existing corporate culture

The Role of Public Relations in a Modern Liberal Democracy Essay

The Role of Public Relations in a Modern Liberal Democracy - Essay Example Some experts contend that the extent to which media works as a public sphere, representing the civic populace, while remaining free and accessible to all, works as a chief indicator of democracy within a political order. This stems from an old tradition that positions media at a juncture between the governed and the governors. Thus, from this viewpoint democracy appears as a relative concept, where its nature is dependent on the movement of public information. This, in turn, helps to ascertain to what extent the citizens can take steps grounded in informed decisions to make the governors liable for their activities. From the perspective of the orthodox democracy theory, the public sphere is a realm between the two distinctly separate two areas, civil society and the state, which ensures protections for each individual within the society. According to the Liberal theory, the public sphere is equal to the political sphere, and the mass media’s public role is delineated in relati on to the state. The liberal theory theorizes on the virtues of civil society's ascendency over the state (Curran 1991). Along with this, it also views the market as the process optimally suited for addressing all information requirements of society. However, as market-led information to tend to move through privatization, conglomeration and deregulation, after a certain limit it fails to meet the requirements necessary for maintaining democratic ideals of freedom and equal accessibility (Garnham 1986). Major contentions to the liberal press theories have faced challenges from the other democratic theory pertaining to the Marxist viewpoint. From the position of an orthodox Marxist, within capitalist societies, the public sphere tends to disguise the ascendency of media that does not directly confront the liberal nature of the public sphere. Instead of breaking out of the dichotomy that exists between a liberal civil society and the state, Marxism rejected all reforms within the publ ic sphere and considered socialist transformation as the only solution. In this context, to overcome the weak points as seen within the orthodox liberal democracy theory and Marxist theory, Curran suggested amalgamation of the collectivist approach with a general market approach, for democratisation of public sphere by making it more representative and accessible. Analysing mass media as a part of the public sphere from a modern perspective has helped modern liberal democracy theory to transcend the traditional civil society-state polarisation that has dictated all media debate until recently (Dahlgren 1991). Orthodox democratic theory rejected the method in which differences were made between public and private domains, which currently is the chief factor in the definition of public sphere within the realms of liberal democracy theory. The mediation role of mass media and broadcasting currently encompasses almost all areas extending from the home to the workplace (Curran 1991).  

Cyrus the Great: Leadership

Cyrus the Great: Leadership Introduction The word Cyrus is derived from Ancient Greek. This word comes from Old Persian originally from Kurosh meaning to bestow care or the Sun. In the Bible, he is known as simply Koresh. In the Quran, he is known as Zol-qarnain (Arabic: Ø °Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ). Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Archaemenian dynasty and the Persian Empire. Cyrus military victories eventually put him in possession of the largest empire in the world at that time. Also we can say that he was an extraordinarily humane ruler for that time. Surely he has achieved his greatness not by words but by hard and difficult choices, actions, and sacrifices. His strategy towards the people of his empire was one of lenience and understanding, as reflected in his agreement of the rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple in 538 BC. Biography Cyrus the Great was born in about 590 BC, in the province of Persis (nowadays called Fars), in southwest of Iran. Cyrus was the grandson of Astyages, king of the Medes. Before Cyruss birth, Astyages had dreamed that his grandson would someday overthrow him. The king ordered that the boy infant be killed promptly after his birth. However, the official entrusted with the job of killing the infant had no heart for such a bloody deed, and instead handed him over to a shepherd and his wife with instructions that they put the child to death. But they, too, were unwilling to kill the boy, and instead reared him as their own. Ultimately, when the child grew up, he indeed caused the kings downfall. Cyrus conquered the Lydian Empire in Asia Minor, which was ruled by King Croesus, a wealthy man. By 546 BC Cyrus had conquered the Lydian Empire and Croesus became his prisoner. After several campaigns, Cyrus conquered eastern Iran and incorporated it into his empire. However Cyrus the Great overthrew three great empires, Babylonians, Medes, and Lydians and united most of the ancient Middle East into one state, extending from India to the Mediterranean Sea. Cyrus became the first Achaemenian Emperor of Persia, and had the title of King of Babylon-King of the Land. No one has accurate information from the personal beliefs of Cyrus the Great. But based on current evidence we can say that Religion of Cyrus the Great was Zoroastrian that is the dedication to ethical and moral excellence which is based on three simple fundamental principles: GOOD THOUGHTS, GOOD WORDS and GOOD DEEDS Cyrus was eventually killed in a battle with the Massagetae tribes in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea in 530 BC. His body was buried at Pasargadae, the Old Persian capital. The Persian Empire thrived in peace and prosperity for two hundred years. Cyrus The Great position in the world leadership in his era I think that Cyrus the Great had an authentic leadership. He achieves highest position among all world leaders throughout the human history because of the following reasons: He had high moral and ethical values. He created Persian Empire based on moral principles. Expanded the Ethical Empire to include all men who wish to join it. Freedoms of religion, job, and place of residency; being advocate of freedom of choice 2500 years ago is highly venerable. He was tolerant of local religions and local customs. In the Bible (e.g., Ezra 1:1-4), Cyrus is famous for freeing the Jewish captives in Babylonia and allowing them to return to their homeland. His name occurs twenty two times in the Bible. Organization of a Constitution and Judicial system based on high ethical values. Created Gold and Silver coins for trading. Ordered all Governors to treat the people as their own children, and no one could be executed for a first time crime. Slavery was not allowed. The Old Persian culture did not accept the concept of slavery. He liked to consult with other leaders from different ethnic backgrounds. He had immense military ability and he was a great statesman. Cyrus the Great had a Major influence on the thinking of Aristotle and Alexander the Great, and the Roman Empire form of government. He was moderate and respectful toward his defeated opponents, and if they were popular leaders among their people, he would let them continue with their positions. Traits of Cyrus the Great and establishment of his ethical Persian Empire some 2500 years ago and continued existence of Achaemenid rule for 200 years indicate a successful leadership based on moral principles. Cyrus the Great had a lot of respect for ethical values. Unquestionably, his moral values and leadership skills affected his highly successful and respected situation throughout his empire era and among all people under his government. To prove this fact, one can say about The First Declaration of Human Rights decree by Cyrus the Great inscribed on a clay cylinder in cuneiform discovered in 1879 by Hormoz Rasam in Babol and now in The British Museum. This is the text of the clay cylinder: . .When my soldiers in great numbers peacefully entered Babylon I did not allow anyone to terrorize the people I kept in view the needs of people and all its sanctuaries to promote their well-being I freed all the slaves I put an end to their misfortune and slavery (referred to 42,000 slaveries in the Babylon in that time). Characteristic of Cyrus The Great Intelligent Cyrus the great was intelligent because he utilized his opportunities in an exceptional way. His establishment of the biggest empire in the world is in fact an antiquity. Also, he innovated new strategies and new structures of ruling over his conquered lands. He used different strategies in different situations. Military ability and Statesman Cyrus had immense military abilities and he was very clever in commanding and conducting wars. But that was only one side facet of this great man. Great trait of Cyrus was the gentle character of his rule. He was very tolerant of local religions and local customs, and he was disinclined to the extreme brutality and cruelty, which characterized so many other conquerors. Tactic of war of Cyrus is demonstrated in his war with the Lydian king Croesus. Pacific He did not change the institution of the kingdoms he incorporated into the Persian Empire, and allowed all the people to live in peace and harmony. Cyrus is admired as a liberator rather than a conqueror, because he respected the customs and religions of each part of his vast empire. Innovation Cyrus established post system and post office for fast data transfer across the empire. Also, Cyrus had influence in the urban planning and buildings of that time including Persepolis. His great innovation was to divide the huge empire into more or less independent provinces called satrapies. Wisdom and Toleration Cyrus was welcomed into Babylon as a liberator by the population. It is important to note that his military were given strict orders not to plunder or in any way harm the citizens. It is a testament to his leadership that these orders were fully obeyed. It also shows the tight control he had over his army. After the victory of Babylon, the Babylonians were instructed to rebuild their temple, destroyed almost seven decades ago by Nebuchandrezzer II. Cyrus exhorted them to pray to their god and offer sacrifices. Religious freedom and justice became a hallmark of the Persian Empire. Modernity Terminology Its not exaggeration if we call some of his works was really compatible with the modernity terminology. To name a few is what he has done about the slavery. Other Keys of Success Consult with other leaders Although Cyrus the Great was a genius he would consult with other leaders from different ethnic background to come up with a better solution for their problems. Effective Organization Cyrus organized his empire in such a way to be to be divided into different provinces or Satrapies. He reduced the 3-month time it took to get messages by horse from Susa to Sardis to less than 2-weeks with the construction of the Royal Road. Cyrus sent imperial agents into each province to observe conditions and report back to him. Perhaps his greatest administrative innovation was the adoption of Aramaic as the official administrative language of the empire, given the diverse ethnic makeup of the provinces. The leadership qualities of Cyrus resulted in an empire that endured for centuries, even after many outside invasions. His methods were reportedly copied by future rulers that read the accounts of his kingship recorded by ancient historians. Leadership in the post-modern world can look to the life of Cyrus and apply many of his principles to 21st-Century problems. Level of Leadership Level 5 Leaders To know why he is an effective leader, it may suffice to mention that all his commanders obeyed him as they trusted him. Meanwhile, there are many historical facts that he influenced other great leaders in his era and even after his death these influences continued to exist and inspire great leaders of the world. He was an executive leader, as he used to be in the most front line of any battle, also he was involving in valuable Persian architecture and moreover he was writing all orders about the other religious treatments and last but not least he was totally involved in political structures of his Empire. Sources: Leadership Traits of Cyrus the Great (-08-28Aug 28, 2009);Michael Streich. http://near-eastern-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/leadership_traits_of_cyrus_the_great Cyrus the Great http://faculty.mdc.edu/jmcnair/Joe12pages/cyrus_the_great.htm From Wikipedia: Cyrus the Great http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great Biography of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian empire http://www.essortment.com/all/biographycyrus_rcof.htm. Cyrus The Great The Father Liberator (1999); Shapour Suren-Pahlav http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/Cyrus-the-great/cyrus_the_great.htm Telecommuting: the advantages and disadvantages Telecommuting: the advantages and disadvantages Introduction Many authors have tried to define telecommuting in one clear definition. The definitions differ from telecommuting is working from home (Mokhtarian, 1991) to definitions including time, places and used tools descriptions. This paper will demonstrate that telecommuting is a working arrangement that provides employees the opportunity to work from other places then the employers office for at least a part of their normal work schedule, using technology to interact with colleagues, supervisors and other professional contacts. Despite the still growing popularity of telecommuting, there are as many advantages as well disadvantages for both employee and employer. This paper discusses some of the major advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting for both the employer and the employee. As this paper point out, as a result of more control over work-schedule, the decreased traveling time and costs, and an changed working environment, telecommuting can contribute to an increased job satisfaction for the telecommuter. Disadvantages however include possible dangers as overworking and overeating, and the reduction of professional relationships with colleagues and supervisors. This reduction can lead to a decreasing change of promotion. For the employer, the increase of job satisfaction means in general a higher productivity, and a lower staff turnover. Telecommuting can also reduce the costs of hiring, leasing of buying real estate to provide offices and the possibility to hire professional labor worldwide. However, also employers have to take into account some major disadvantages. The reduced face-to-face interaction, necessary to value an employer and the possible unbalance in a team when only a few functions lend them for telecommuting. Despite the many advantages of telecommuting, its success is strongly dependent on the function, company regulations and management, and the telecommuter self if telecommuting will be a success. Advantages for the employee A first major advantage of telecommuting is the reduction of traveling time and costs as a result of the possibility to work from home or other central working spaces in the neighbourhood (Mokhtarian, 1991). Some companies establish teleworkcenters and remote offices as alternative locations for their telecommuting workers. However in most cases the home of the telecommuter will become the working-place (Mokhtarian, 1991) (Gajendran Harrison, 2007). The reduction of travelling time and costs as a result of work from home can contribute to an increased job satisfaction. Another advantage of telecommuting is the possibility to adjust working hours to personal needs. If for instance the telecommuter has a family at home and arrange to telecommute from home, the telecommuter has no travelling time, can work with the family in the neighbourhood, and due the face the work schedule is flexible, is possible to create more quality time with the family. Therefore, telecommuting can contribute to an improved family relationship. A major overall advantage of telecommuting is the increase in job satisfaction. Research has shown that the changes caused by telecommuting in the previous section, often result in a higher job satisfaction. This is a result of the fact the telecommuter has increased control over the location, timing and means of completing the work (Gajendran Harrison, 2007). To conclude the advantages as stated before; telecommuting seems to contribute to improvement of work and personal relationships by the utilizing the flexibility of the telecommuting concept. As a result of telecommuting the job satisfaction of the employee can be increased. Disadvantages for the employee The following paragraph will discuss the disadvantages for the employee. The first important disadvantages is the reduction of the availability of resources. Telecommuting reduces the access to resources found only at employers office. An example of a resource that not can be accessed from home are for instance accounting-records, that normally contains physical papers like invoices and work orders. Depending on the job one has, it can be important to access those archives to get collect information (Green, Là ³pez, Wysocki, Kepner, 2003). Reduction of availability of resources and date can impact the productivity due the fact essential data is not available. Matters that occur because of a lack of regulation can be pointed out as a second disadvantage. It can cause the potential danger to over-work, over-eat and under-exercise, the so called desk-potato  or  fridge  factor  syndrome (Fortier, 1999).. Those symptoms can occur because pause times are no longer pre-set and the temptation of eating is for some no longer in control. The risks of overworking and overeating cannot be underestimated and therefor have to take in account by telecommuter and as well by the employer. Another disadvantage of telecommuting, concerning professional relationships, is the lack of personal contact with colleagues and supervisors. Because telecommuting reduces the face-to-face communication, different theories make similar predictions about quality and frequency of interaction, implying mainly negative impacts on interpersonal relationships for telecommuters. In a regular office setting, it is possible to provide direct input in solving problems on every scale. It is also possible to directly receive feedback when a certain situations take place. Even the distractions by colleagues can be important moments to reinforce relationships. Face-to-face interactions with colleagues provide access to informal networks and create opportunities for job relevant interactions. Spatial distance from others at work likely translates into personal distance; for telecommuters this might mean becoming out of sight, out of mind. Face-to-face communication is considered the medium with th e highest social presence and very important in personal and professional relationships. (Gajendran Harrison, 2007). Personal face-to-face interaction is essential in job and professional relationship developments, reducing those moments can influence both developments negatively. Advantages for the employer The following paragraph will discuss the advantage for the employer. For the employer there are advantages concerning the changed the work environment. For example, if telecommuting days are flexible and if that result in a lower presence of employers evenly spread over the week, business require less office-space and less parking for employees. Instead of leasing new office space or expanding existing office buildings, it is vastly less expensive to provide telecommuters with their own communication tools to work from their own homes (Green, Là ³pez, Wysocki, Kepner, 2003) (HongGirl, Bongsik, Kunihiko, 2007). Some companies opt to create central working offices outside of the city instead of using expensive office space in the centre. The employer can hire less expensive office-space together with other telecommute supporting companies and with that reduce costs. With telecommuting work is no longer time or place bounded. This results in another major advantage of telecommuting that it can create the possibility to hire professional labor from over the whole world, including those with health problems and disabilities. (Green, Là ³pez, Wysocki, Kepner, 2003). Disadvantages for the employer The following paragraphs will discuss the disadvantages of telecommuting for the employer. The first major disadvantages for the employer can be the fact telecommuting creates a physical distance between the employee and their colleagues and supervisors. Normally in an office setting the supervisor is able to supervise the employees directly. A potential disadvantage of telecommuting is the impact on professional relationships due to reduced direct interaction and the possibility to interact face-to-face. According to Management today, (as cited in Green, Là ³pez, Wysicki Kepner, 2003. p 4 ) It is imperative to understand that telecommunication is an alternative option and not a substitute for person-to-person contact associated with traditional business settings. When it comes to understanding, research has suggested that 75 percent of communication is non-verbal (Management Today, 2000). As the source above stated, personal contact cannot be replaced by forms of indirect contact, because 75 percent of communication is non-verbal and it is therefore very important to see the other when communicate. Another disadvantages for employers and especially a challenge for managers is overcome the possible jealousy from co-workers who cannot telecommute due the function they have (Gajendran Harrison, 2007). Equally employees with different visible benefits can cause separation within a team, it is for the manager to deal with those differences and overcome problems cause by it. A unbalance in a team caused by telecommuting is a disadvantage that shows also the importance to consider the consequence in larger perspective. Conditions for telecommuting According to Green, Là ³pez, Wysocki, and Kepner (2003), not all jobs lend themselves to telecommuting. For instance, jobs that involve direct management, face-to-face contact with customers, frequent meetings, manufacturing and warehousing of goods, purchasing, and facility management are not suitable for telecommuting operations. Jobs that do lend themselves to telecommuting include for example systems and information managers, writers, computer programmers, auditing reports, data entry. The reason why those jobs lend themselves for telecommuting is that they are mainly done with a computer and involve normally no frequent interaction with intern or extern parties. According to the Department of Vocational Rehabilitation as cited in Green, Là ³pez, Wysocki, Kepner (2003) successful telecommuters are self-starters who can do a good job with minimal supervision. They know how to organize their work and time, and are able to work well with tele-managers. In addition, telecommuters have low socialization needs and good communication skills. Factors of decreased supervision, (informal) communication with colleagues and managers, lack of time structure guidelines has to be conquer to become a good telecommuter. For the employer there are also conditions for successful telecommuting. First it is important to develop effective telecommuting business policies which provide guidelines for telecommuting. Second, plan for technical equipment and support for the telecommuting network, this is important because it all comes down to the technical equipment. After that is been done, select and properly train telecommuters and prepare managers for telecommuting supervision. This is important because it is not like regular supervising. A company has to accomplice several conditions before it can introduce telecommuting Analysis Analyzing these advantages and disadvantages, it can be stated that the possible benefits as result of introducing telecommuting is at least questionable. As the condition section pointed out, telecommuting is strongly dependent of the telecommuter, the company and the function. However, the telecommuter can be flexible with his or her work-schedule to meet personal needs, has needed less travelling time and costs, and can change the working environment which can result in a higher job satisfaction, the disadvantages can be underestimated. The telecommuter has to challenge difficulties that occurs by the lack of regulations, and the reduced face-to-face contact with colleagues and supervisors. Especially the reduction of face-to-face contact can lead to a smaller change of promotion. For the employer, the reduction of needed office and parking space, the possibility to hire professional labour around the world, and the possible increased productivity as result of the increased job satisfaction, are reasons to consider the support of telecommuting. It is on the other hand very important to take into account that the personal interaction with the employees is essential in a professional relationship. Reducing that interaction can lead to out of sight, out of mind and can cause a struggle in the relationship with the employee. Besides this it is recommend to overview the potential group of telecommuters, as stated before. When a potential group contains team members but not include the whole team, it is possible that teams will become unbalanced. It is therefore necessary to take the possible consequence of introducing telecommuting into account before it is implemented. Conclusion Companies consider supporting the concept of telecommuting have to take many challenges into account. Despite telecommuting can increase job satisfaction and productivity, the reduced personal face-to-face interaction and the possible consequence of that are significant disadvantages that overweight the advantages on general basis. The statement out of sight, out of mind support this. Changing ones workplace from a conventional office to a home or an alternate location is likely to alter the frequency, the quality, and, by definition, the modality of interaction one has with other organization members. Telecommuting therefore has the potential to degrade the quality of the manager-subordinate relationship (Cooper Kurland, 2002) (Gajendran Harrison, 2007). If providing a telecommuting structure is be considered, it is important to overthink the possible impact for telecommuters as well for non-telecommuters. If a company decides to support telecommuting, it is essential to set clear guidelines and limitations for telecommuters and for supervisors. To conclude, telecommuting cannot replace normal work arrangements, it can only be added to meet employees needs. Reference list Cooper, C., Kurland, N. (2002). Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23, 511-532. DOI: 10.1002/job.145 Fortier, B. (1999) About telework, retrieved on March 27, 2011, from Innovisions Canada: http://www.ivc.ca/part2.html Gajendran, D., Harrison, R. (2007). The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown About Telecommuting: Meta-Analysis of Psycological Mediators and Individual Consequences. Journal of Applied Psychological, 92, 1524-1541. Green, K., Là ³pez, M., Wysocki, A., Kepner, K. (2003). Telecommuting as a true workplace alternative1. Gainesville, FL, United States: Department of Food and Resource Economics, University Florida. Retrieved from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr021 HongGirl, L., Bongsik, S., Kunihiko, H. (2007). Telework vs. central work: A comparative view of knowledge accessibility. Decision Support Systems, 687-700. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.11.007 Kossek, E., Lautsch, B., Eaton, S. (2006). Telecommuting, control and boundary management; correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work-family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 347-367. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.00 Mokhtarian, P. (1991). Defining telecommuting. Davis, California, US: Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis. Retrieved from: http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/publications/1991/UCD-ITS-RR-91-04.pdf University Zuyd Academic Skills. Assessment form for written papers Date à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 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There is an outline/overview paragraph at the end of the introduction. 10 Body Paragraphing Each paragraph: discusses a new point and has a clear topic sentence. has appropriate supporting material: facts, examples, quotes, paraphrased or summarised information. has unity. has coherence. has linking within and/or beyond paragraphs. 30 Conclusion sums up the paper, refers back to thesis and has a clear conclusion and leaves the reader with the writers final thoughts on the topic. contains no new information. 10 Style and Tone The style and the tone are appropriate. The paper contains appropriate hedging language to qualify strong statements. 5 Vocabulary, terminology, wordiness Text contains accurate vocabulary, terminology and is not too wordy. 5

Greek Crisis

The Greek crisis: opportunity for Greek to rebirth The dubious distinction of history’s first recorded sovereign default belongs to Greece—the same nation at the forefront of the world’s second major financial crisis in five years. The crisis raised a question: Whether the crisis is a tragedy or opportunity for Greek? I believe even Greek have taken measures to reform, this crisis would continue until Greek government come up with solutions which are not created by other countries and international institutions to protect their benefits. Trouble in Public Finance Greece faced deep economic problems.Most notorious was public-sector deficit. (See Exhibit 1) The debt-to-GDP ratio measures a country’s ability to pay off the entire debt with one year’s income, regardless of the nation’s wealth or total debt outstanding. Exhibit 4 shows the possibility that Greeck default is increasing. Two most outsized component of government expenditure were emp loyee compensation and pensions. Greek government has taken austerity measures to reduce the deficit and meet the request of the international institutions who provide financial aid to Greece. The weaknesses of the economic modelThe global economic crisis of 2008 has found the Greek economy with several fundamental weaknesses: †¢ Reliance on ‘easy money’ (such as from the stock market or property), as well as on over-inflated private consumption, which has in turn relied on loans in recent years. †¢ The disproportionately central role of construction as the ‘driving force of the economy’ dating back to the 1960s. †¢ Particularly high public debt, which remains undiminished despite the widespread privatisations of the last 20 years. †¢ Over-reliance on sectors directly affected by the international crisis, such as tourism and shipping. Excessive dependence on oil consumption, an energy-wasting, pollution-generating energy model and the pr ospect of high-cost ‘emissions rights’ from 2012 onwards. †¢ Abandonment of mountainous and disadvantaged regions, which represent two thirds of the country, and overcrowding and overuse in the remaining third. †¢ An absence of genuine protection of natural resources in sectors such as water, forest land, fisheries resources and the countryside and biodiversity. proposals to exit the crisis A fundamental priority is TO SIMULTANEOUSLY INVEST IN THE EXIT FROM ALL THREE ASPECTS OF THE CRISIS: the economic, the social and the environmental.We focus on three basic priorities in parallel with the efforts for fiscal viability and the fight against corruption and tax evasion: †¢ Sustainable revitalisation of the countryside, with emphasis in the production of biological agricultural goods, and resurgence of the local and regional level economy, including the abandoned mountainous and disadvantaged areas. †¢ Promotion and upgrade of collective goods and servi ces as compensation for the loss of purchasing power of people, in order for quality of life to become again a right for everyone as a kind of ‘parallel social wage’. Urgent turn in the energy sector to eliminate the dependence on oil and lignite, promotion of solutions alternative to car use, but also investments in energy saving and in renewable energy sources, drawn so that they offer additional incomes for the maximum possible number of households. Specific policies having these priorities need to be developed and applied in order to create funds and engage creative social forces: †¢ A just tax reform that will use the taxes as tools for encouragement or not of activities depending on their repercussions on the environment and the society. Measures for transparency and fight against corruption and tax evasion should aim at the re-establishment of a sense of social justice. †¢ Reduction of military spending and negotiations withTurkey for even larger mutual reductions. Given the Turkish candidacy for integration into the EU, it is logical to ssume that the EU should become more involved in the efforts to resolve Greek-Turkish differences. †¢ The promotion of a social and solidarity economy is of central importance to us. The reconnection with the tradition of the ‘ecology of the poor’ becomes again particularly relevant. Exhibit 1

Joyce Carol Oates Essay

‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’ is a short story written by renowned author Joyce Carol Oates. The story was originally published in 1966 in Epoch magazine and selected for The Best American Short Stories in 1967 and later won the The O. Henry Award in 1968. The short story’s prominence prompted the creation of a movie adaptation in 1986 entitled Smooth Talk which became the center of several feminist debates. The defining short fiction was inspired by the Pied Piper of Tucson, a teenage killer from Arizona, whom the author read about in Life magazine back in the 60s. Using details from the real life version of Arnold Friend – the story’s main embodiment of seduction and evil – Oates crafted a realistic allegory that is â€Å"Hawthorian, romantic, shading into parable† (Oates & Showalter, 6) that depicts innocence and the consequence of its loss. Like the moniker for the real life serial killer and the actual children’s parable, ‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’ features a tale that is part twisted Little Red Riding Hood and part The Pied Piper of Hamelin adapted to the post 1950s innocence coupled with the rude awakening of America. At the center of the modern parable is the typical all American girl of the post 50s generation – 15 year old Connie – who is portrayed caught up between the declining innocent sensibilities of the 50s and the rude awakening of the 60s [an emerging culture embodied by rock and roll, random violence, crime and war]. Connie is said to be the embodiment of the new morality emerging in America (Oates & Showalter, 7) and Connie represents this transitional period by being depicted as having two sides to her personality: one that is worn â€Å"one way when she was at home and another way when she was away from home† (Oates, 509). Quoting Douglas Griffin â€Å"Connie is clearly a girl of two minds. The first is the standard life of a bored teen in what appears to be the traditional post 1950’s home; the second is as a teenager on the cusp of attachment to music, cars and sex† (1). Despite the fact that Connie is a teenager awakening in the worldly 1960s, her portrayal still had hints of the innocence typical of someone who grew up through most of the 50s. This is probably why Connie was chosen as the perfect representation of the trappings of choice created by the period marked with boredom: she is the tragic victim of the choice to lose one’s own innocence. Despite her depiction as being more akin to the modern teenagers of her time, Connie’s inherent innocence is still [though barely] palpable within the context of the story. To determine the state of innocence still present in the protagonist Connie, the best probable approach would be to liken her to the prominent figure that mirrors her in a parable often told children: Little Red Riding Hood. First it must be noted that the tale of Little Red Riding Hood as told by Charles Perrault is a cautionary moral tale that warns innocent children of the consequences of listening to the words of a stranger. The parable goes as far as to warn women and children of the wolf in sheep’s clothing; that not all wolves are outwardly threatening and that those most dangerous are often the tame, obliging and gentle (Perrualt). In Perrault’s version of the children’s fable, it was little red riding hood’s own trusting words when she first encountered the wolf that gave the wolf the opening he needed to scheme and eventually eat the unsuspecting child. Like little red riding hood, Connie also failed to realize the presence of the wolf in the woods she was in. She saw him, noticed him [Arnold Friend], but she â€Å"slit her eyes at him and turned away† (Oates, 510) and paid no heed to his declaration â€Å"Gonna get you, baby† (Oates, 510). Little red riding hood mistook the wolf’s intentions for friendliness while Connie mistook Arnold Friend’s look for plain simple admiration. In this particular situation, it could be said that Connie fell victim to the same innocent misgivings of a child like little red riding hood did. This similar pattern is repeated once again near the end of both tales. In the children’s parable, Little Red Riding Hood once again represented innocence in the form of childish curiosity, asking a series of innocent questions that eventually build up to the grim, climactic ending. Here, in her innocence, little red riding hood failed to recognize the wolf disguised as her grandmother, blindly believing the wolf’s answers without taking notice of the signs already in front of her. In a similar vein, Connie also fell victim to the disguised Arnold Friend in the same way. In this particular part of the story, Arnold Friend blatantly presents himself as a friend, talking in a sing-song manner. However, despite being able to â€Å"recognize[d] most things about him, the tight jeans [†¦] the greasy leather boots and the tight shirt, [†¦] that slippery friendly smile of his, that sleepy dreamy smile that all the boys used to get across ideas they didn’t want to put into words [†¦] the singsong way he talked, [†¦] the way he tapped one fist against the other in homage to the perpetual music behind him [†¦] all these things did not come together† (Oates, 513). until much later. Again, like little red riding hood, the wolf was already in front of Connie and she did not immediately notice the threat he posed. Aside from these mirroring qualities between the parable and Oates’ story, Connie also had independent characteristics and behavioural hints that reflect her inherent innocence. This presumed innocence somewhat has a childish quality to it, possibly making it another mirroring quality between Connie and the child in little red riding hood. For example, at the beginning of the text Connie was described as having a quick nervous giggling habit of glancing at mirrors (Oats, 509) – a trait that can be said Connie might share with a newborn or toddler who has just recently discovered his/her reflection. Her walk, described as childlike and bobbing, could be seen as another hint. In public her laugh becomes high pitched and nervous as if she were shy and uncertain. During their nights out at the drive-in restaurant she and her friend would often sit â€Å"at the counter and crossed their legs at the ankles† in [feigned] modesty. Even the way she dreams her ‘trashy’ dreams has a puritanical sense to it, peppered with an ideal that is in no way carnal or corrupt: Connie sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed with the warmth about her as if this were a kind of love, the caresses of love, and her mind slipped over onto thoughts of the boy she had been with the night before and how nice he had been, how sweet it always was [†¦] gentle, the way it was in movies and promised in songs (Oates, 510). These descriptions of Connie paint her to still have child-like qualities. She has an ideal she believes in, she has an honest sense about herself and her world, and she possesses the same uncertainties a child would have if cast into a strange world. Perhaps, in Connie’s case this is especially true since she is growing up in a new culture that is not like that of the previous decade. However, being an adolescent exposed to the emerging new morals of the time, Connie is often faced with instances that will challenge her moral choices. She is cast as part of a generation that has become bored, a generation that is slowly turning towards anything that would distract them – even for the briefest moments. And in the years the story was based upon, the teenagers of the time has turned to rock and roll, drugs and sex as means of diversion (Moser). Connie in the text is no different. Her fantasy world â€Å"is the world of James Dean, Natalie Wood and Rebel Without a Cause† (Oates & Showalter, 7). She lives in a time where pre-marital sex is romanticized, drugs is an option and teen rebellion is hyped. Her exposure to this environment was not solely coincidental but also consensual. It was always her choice to â€Å"enter[ing] a sacred building that loomed up out of the night to give them what haven and blessing they yearned for† (Oates, 510). It was always her decision to go out with boys named Eddie or some other and have their faces fall back and â€Å"dissolve[d] into a single face that was not even a face but an idea, a feeling, mixed up with the urgent insistent pounding of the [†¦] night† (Oates, 510). It was her own behaviour and choices that led her to the same woods the wolf Arnold Friend stalked. ‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’ has always been argued as an allegory of good versus evil, of innocence and corruption (Oats & Showalter, 9). Certainly the character of Arnold Friend is the depiction of evil and of corruption and Connie saw this but turned a blind eye. Friend’s seduction and coercion of Connie near the end of the story is a representation of how one’s choices might consequently invite the devil to drive up right into one’s very own driveway. It was Connie’s choices that spoke to Arnold, the same way little red riding hood told the wolf, and led [both] the evil right onto her very own doorsteps. Ultimately, â€Å"Connie’s journey down the path of worldliness eventually leads her to a place that she clearly did not intend† (Griffin, 1) and this has left her â€Å"hollow with what had been fear but what was now just an emptiness† as she â€Å"watched herself push the door slowly open [†¦] moving out into the sunlight where Arnold Friend waited† (Oates, 520). Connie, like little red riding hood, was consumed by the wolf. Works Cited Griffin, Douglas. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates – An Examination of the Trappings of Choice. † Www. Bookstove. com. Stanza Ltd. 6 May 2009 < http://www. bookstove. com/Drama/Where-Are-You-Going-Where-Have-You-Been-by-Joyce-Carol-Oates. 36420> Moser, Don. â€Å"The Pied Piper of Tucson. † Casebook. Oates, Joyce Carol; Laurie Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell (editors). â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing 6th Ed. Cengage Learning, 2006. Oates, Joyce Carol and Elaine Showalter. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? 2nd Ed. Rutgers University Press, 1994. Perrault, Charles. â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood. † Casebook.